Land tenure is a critical issue for both cultivated areas and grazing lands in the sudan. If resource managementparticularly of oil, water, and landin sudan does not signifi cantly improve. Assessment of landuse and landuse change drivers, forest law. Assessment and mapping of land useland cover, using remote. Changes of land use and land cover were observed using classified landsat 5 images in 1972, landsat 7 in 1985 and landsat 8 in 2018. Altitudes in south sudan range from 600 to 3,000 meters above sea. Chapter 5 lands and water resource management african. Besides its wide range of negative environmental impacts, large scale displacement around 1. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan. N in sudan represent the semiarid and savanna zones that contain the major agriculture, rangelands and forest lands 22. Reconquest of sudan the angloegyptian condominium, 18991955 britains southern policy rise of sudanese nationalism the road to independence the south and the unity of sudan independent sudan the politics of independence the abbud military government, 195864 return to civilian rule, 196469. Assessing the impacts of land use changes on vegetation. A mapping framework to characterize land use in the sudan.
Mountains, blue nile, northern and river nile states and eastern sudan, show. All land is owned by the people of south sudan, and the government of south sudan is responsible for regulating use of the land. Sudan food and agriculture organization of the united nations. The land use systems in sudan are rapidly changing partially as a consequence of the socioeconomic. Land use and land cover changes and degradation detection. Lebon, land use in sudan, geographical publications limited, bude, cornwall, 1965, p. The region is expected to experience major changes in the near future and land use. In the past the tribe, the principle unit of social organization, had the responsibility for allocation of land for various uses within the boundaries of the tribal domain dar.
Though very little information on the ecological rate of change of forests has been collected in the democratic republic of the sudan, there is considerable evidence in the southern parts that dur. Specific objectives focused on governance, on maintaining forestry competitive advantage. The length of sudan s borders is 6,819 kilometres 4,237 mi. The area under permanent crops was estimated at more than 19 million hectares in 2010, about 23 percent of potential arable land. At the same time, structural problems of the third world were only addressed in an emergency relief context. Total area of sudan agricultural land in sudan arable. We developed a land cover and land use mapping framework specifically designed for agricultural systems of the sudansahel region. Through mapping and monitoring, the changes that occurred in land use land. Addressing sudans conflicts peace by piece peace by piece. Following this is a presentation of srlg interventions in land use planning and land administration.
The analysis of sudan land use change and forestry lucf reveals that the most dominant systematic land use change processes were deforestation including conversion of forest land to mechanized and subsistence agriculture. The south sudan law society ssls is a civil society organization based in juba. Introduction climate change is a global threat to natural resources and livelihoods of human societies, compounded by increase in anthropogenic activities. Approximately 18,900 square kilometres 7,300 sq mi was irrigated as of 2012. Customary ownership and control of land is an essential component of any consideration of land tenure and access in south sudan and africa in general.
Knoema, an eldridge business, is the most comprehensive source of global decisionmaking data in the world. Their agropastoral lifestyle has traditionally been adapted to the periodic flooding and drying out of the land they live in. It was calculated that the increase of fossil fuel use. Returnees to south sudan access land primarily through the customary system.
In 2012 sudan s economy has been affected by falling oil revenues due to the secession of south sudan in july 2011 and the resultant loss of about 75 percent of the countrys oil resources. The implication of land grabbing on pastoral economy in sudan. A group discussion and questionnaire were used as tools for collecting the data about expansion of cultivated land into grazing land, gap of land use map, increasing of animals number in rangeland and rangeland degradation caused by invaders plants species. The most conspicuous feature of this change is the remarkable increase in land under cultivation, from around 6 million feddan in 197071 to approximately 45 million feddan in 2014. Assessing the impact of different land use activities on the. Speed and predictability of the enforcement of restricted land uses lgi9. Customary traditions of land tenure emphasize moderate use, restoration, and community health and prosperity. Lulc general object oriented classification workflow used.
This study focused on the assessment of and mapping of land use land cover change the white nile state, sudan. Sudan has a land area of 1,731,671 square kilometres 668,602 sq mi and a total area of 1,861,484 square kilometres 718,723 sq mi. Grade iv, customary ownership and land use arrangements, informal tenures in urban. An overview of the land administration situation in south sudan is presented next. Agriculture in sudan plays an important role in that countrys economy. This entry contains the percentage shares of total land area for three different types of land use. Although endowed with rich natural resources, sudan is an extremely poor country amongst others as a result of social conflict and civil war.
Fao encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this. It was calculated that the increase of fossil fuel use will increase global warming. Pdf landuse impact on environment of tuti island, sudan. Livestock fisheries energy use and production domestic water supply environmental policy and legal and regulatory framework flood and drought risk. They have to be properly compensated and assisted, regardless of conditions of land tiles, tribes etc, so that the life levels and livelihood will be better off compared to the project before. Jok madut jok was born and raised in southern sudan. This will allow them to understand the potential scale of the implications that the phenomenon poses to agriculture and the people. But since sudan s colonisation by the british and egypt from 18991956, the colonial administration introduced in 1903 the land acquisition ordinance which gave the government powers to acquire. Comparing progress made in sudans readiness implementation during the mtr and r. While the british accepted customary rules, including islamic law, as governing land use, title to land was vested in the government. Assessing the impacts of land use changes on vegetation cover. Mapping land use land cover of khartoum using fuzzy classification emirates journal for engineering research, vol. Lulc general object oriented classification workflow used with the study data. Area of agricultural lands arable land, permanent crops, permanent meadows and pastures.
The land use systems in sudan are rapidly changing partially as a consequence of the socioeconomic transformation caused by the information revolution. Sudan belongs to the traditional pastoral production system zaroug, 2007. He was codirector of the rvi sudan course in 2004 and director 20052008. The southern sudan land commission was charged under the comprehensive. The darfur peace agreement of 2006 and the doha agreement of 2011. Natural forests and woodlands cover 29% of the total land area.
Th e act provides for registration of land in south sudan. Livestock fisheries energy use and production domestic water supply. Notwithstanding, use of this label can oversimplify complex subethnic ties and land tenure rights based on tribe, clan, and local geography, all of which can feed into pastoral identity seignobos 2011. The task team is grateful to the south sudan land commission, the ministry of housing, physical planning and environment, the ministry of agriculture cooperatives and rural development, the judiciary, the norwegian refugee council, the norwegian people aid, associates for rural. This means that conflicts in land uses and other natural resources are typically associated with opposing interests over the type of land use, limited access and use rights, unclear ownership and property rights, and the delineation of boundaries. Through mapping and monitoring, the changes that occurred in land use land cover, due to. However, sudan has a number of interlocking conflicts that cannot be fully addressed by a bilateral agreement. It was estimated that, as of 2011, 80 percent of the labor force were employed in that sector, including 84 percent of the women and 64 percent of the men.
Pdf land use land cover changes detection in white nile state. A baseline survey of largescale landbased investment in southern sudan. This study attempt to detect the land use land cover change in khartoum state between 19702006 using remote sensing technology, geographical information system and multi temporal imagery to. Fao sudan land programme food and agriculture organization of. Overview of south sudan s people, water, and natural. Forest policy, legal and institutional framework information. Farmerherder conflicts for the use of land represent a significant challenge for rural communities and the local authorities in sudan. The tribe has the responsibility for distribution of land for various uses within its boundaries, a form of customary law to manage informal land. There is limited transparency in the land use and allocation in the country, feeding into. Sudan suffers from inadequate supplies of potable water, declining. Vast lands that were once agricultural have been abandoned as a result of the conflict.
Assessing the impact of different land use activities on. Before the secession of south sudan, the ministry of agriculture estimated that sudan had 84 million hectares of potentially arable land. Sudan s conflicts have many causes, but at the root of each conflict are questions over the control and distribution of resources. About half of this land is suitable for agriculture, of which about 17 million hectares are actually cultivated. Land governance in south sudan world bank document. Our tools allow individuals and organizations to discover, visualize, model, and present their data and the worlds data to facilitate better decisions and better outcomes. Keywords remote sensin, land use and land cover change, sudan, gadarif state i. Influences of agricultural expansion on grazing lands in. Improving traditional grassland agriculture in sudan bret wallach.
Introduction an important issue in glob worldwide, sustainable livelihoods, vegetation and forest status study is the undee rstanding and knowledge about the impact of land use activitieschanges on the human life around the forests. Gap of land use map figure 2 indicated that, there is a gap of land use map and the discussion reported. Sudan conflicts, especially in darfur, have resulted in remarkable shift and transformation in land use. Agricultural change, land, and violence in protracted political crisis. Furthermore, the lack of coordination and sharing of information between existing land regulating agencies, has created gaps in the current maps and master plans of land use, ownership. Land use, ownership and allocation in sudan sudan democracy. Sudan an nilain mosque, at the site of the confluence of the blue nile and white nile in khartoum federal research division library of congress edited by helen chapin metz research completed june 1991. The current land use categories between latitude 10.
South sudan s total land area is 619,745 square kilometers, of which more than half is estimated to be suitable for agriculture. The results showed that several temporal changes occurred beside. In addition, south sudan has the secondlargest wetlands in africa and the largest intact savanna ecosystem in east africa. Land use activates, sustainable livelihoods, sunut natural forest reserve, sudan 1. Sudans total land area amounts to some 251 million hectares. Land use change has been a significant feature of sudan s land use over the past few decades.
Improving natural resource management in sudan united states. The land use systems in sudan are rapidly changing partially as a consequence of the socioeconomic transformation caused by the information revolution, technological advancement, market intervention and globalization processes. Land and natural resources rights and reforms in sudan land. This is followed by a discussion on the complexities of existing frameworks for land administration. How many of each type of land belongs to each man live in the country. Implications of climate, landuse and landcover changes for. Chapter 3 typology of water use in south sudan livelihoods. Sudan fao stat land use and agricultural inputs sudan. This represented a small proportion of all the land in sudan chiefly along the nile and a few locations in darfur, bur included much of the most fertile irrigable land. Implications of climate, landuse and landcover changes. Faculty of agriculture, alzaiem alazhari university, vaporat north, sudan. Sustainable development in a land use management context 3. Land cover and land use poverty and vulnerability hydrology, topography, and climate water resources note references 8.
The total livestock populations in tendalti locality is 12451 heads of camels, sheep, cows and goats which is equal to 73. Land and natural resources rights and reforms in sudan. Agriculture and livestock raising are the main sources of livelihood for most of the sudanese population. Analysis of temperature, rainfall and aridity index ratio of rainfall to reference evapotranspiration data during 19412009 shows significant warming of the climate, increasing rainfall variability and seasonality, and intensifying aridity conditions during the start and end of the wet season. In the triborder region, fulani pastoralist population estimates range from 53,000 89,500 people, with approximately 1. By the land acquisition for the project, 80 households are to be displaced. Aug 30, 2009 the traditional land use in block 5a the western upper nile region of sudan that includes oil concession block 5a is the home land of primarily the nuer1 people and secondarily the dinka people. Jun 02, 2016 land grapping in the context of land tenure policy in sudan acquiring large land for agriculture and other purposes like mining or industry is not a new in sudan.
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