The darfur peace agreement of 2006 and the doha agreement of 2011. Assessing the impacts of land use changes on vegetation cover. The land use systems in sudan are rapidly changing partially as a consequence of the socioeconomic transformation caused by the information revolution. Jun 02, 2016 land grapping in the context of land tenure policy in sudan acquiring large land for agriculture and other purposes like mining or industry is not a new in sudan. The analysis of sudan land use change and forestry lucf reveals that the most dominant systematic land use change processes were deforestation including conversion of forest land to mechanized and subsistence agriculture. Through mapping and monitoring, the changes that occurred in land use land cover, due to. They have to be properly compensated and assisted, regardless of conditions of land tiles, tribes etc, so that the life levels and livelihood will be better off compared to the project before. Though very little information on the ecological rate of change of forests has been collected in the democratic republic of the sudan, there is considerable evidence in the southern parts that dur. It was calculated that the increase of fossil fuel use. A baseline survey of largescale landbased investment in southern sudan. We developed a land cover and land use mapping framework specifically designed for agricultural systems of the sudansahel region.
This entry contains the percentage shares of total land area for three different types of land use. This will allow them to understand the potential scale of the implications that the phenomenon poses to agriculture and the people. Lulc general object oriented classification workflow used. How many of each type of land belongs to each man live in the country. In 2012 sudan s economy has been affected by falling oil revenues due to the secession of south sudan in july 2011 and the resultant loss of about 75 percent of the countrys oil resources. All land is owned by the people of south sudan, and the government of south sudan is responsible for regulating use of the land. Land use, ownership and allocation in sudan sudan democracy. Land and natural resources rights and reforms in sudan land. Addressing sudans conflicts peace by piece peace by piece. However, sudan has a number of interlocking conflicts that cannot be fully addressed by a bilateral agreement.
This means that conflicts in land uses and other natural resources are typically associated with opposing interests over the type of land use, limited access and use rights, unclear ownership and property rights, and the delineation of boundaries. Although endowed with rich natural resources, sudan is an extremely poor country amongst others as a result of social conflict and civil war. Sudan s conflicts have many causes, but at the root of each conflict are questions over the control and distribution of resources. Land governance in south sudan world bank document. Land cover and land use poverty and vulnerability hydrology, topography, and climate water resources note references 8. Sudan fao stat land use and agricultural inputs sudan. The tribe has the responsibility for distribution of land for various uses within its boundaries, a form of customary law to manage informal land. Agriculture and livestock raising are the main sources of livelihood for most of the sudanese population. A group discussion and questionnaire were used as tools for collecting the data about expansion of cultivated land into grazing land, gap of land use map, increasing of animals number in rangeland and rangeland degradation caused by invaders plants species. Customary traditions of land tenure emphasize moderate use, restoration, and community health and prosperity. The task team is grateful to the south sudan land commission, the ministry of housing, physical planning and environment, the ministry of agriculture cooperatives and rural development, the judiciary, the norwegian refugee council, the norwegian people aid, associates for rural.
Jok madut jok was born and raised in southern sudan. Assessment of landuse and landuse change drivers, forest law. But since sudan s colonisation by the british and egypt from 18991956, the colonial administration introduced in 1903 the land acquisition ordinance which gave the government powers to acquire. Furthermore, the lack of coordination and sharing of information between existing land regulating agencies, has created gaps in the current maps and master plans of land use, ownership. In the past the tribe, the principle unit of social organization, had the responsibility for allocation of land for various uses within the boundaries of the tribal domain dar. There is limited transparency in the land use and allocation in the country, feeding into. Agriculture in sudan plays an important role in that countrys economy. Knoema, an eldridge business, is the most comprehensive source of global decisionmaking data in the world.
Our tools allow individuals and organizations to discover, visualize, model, and present their data and the worlds data to facilitate better decisions and better outcomes. The results showed that several temporal changes occurred beside. Sustainable development in a land use management context 3. This represented a small proportion of all the land in sudan chiefly along the nile and a few locations in darfur, bur included much of the most fertile irrigable land. While the british accepted customary rules, including islamic law, as governing land use, title to land was vested in the government. Specific objectives focused on governance, on maintaining forestry competitive advantage. Assessing the impact of different land use activities on the. Mountains, blue nile, northern and river nile states and eastern sudan, show. Land and natural resources rights and reforms in sudan. The land use systems in sudan are rapidly changing partially as a consequence of the socioeconomic transformation caused by the information revolution, technological advancement, market intervention and globalization processes.
Influences of agricultural expansion on grazing lands in. The region is expected to experience major changes in the near future and land use. Assessment and mapping of land useland cover, using. Overview of south sudan s people, water, and natural. Through mapping and monitoring, the changes that occurred in land use land. The south sudan law society ssls is a civil society organization based in juba. Lebon, land use in sudan, geographical publications limited, bude, cornwall, 1965, p. Besides its wide range of negative environmental impacts, large scale displacement around 1. Introduction climate change is a global threat to natural resources and livelihoods of human societies, compounded by increase in anthropogenic activities. Before the secession of south sudan, the ministry of agriculture estimated that sudan had 84 million hectares of potentially arable land.
Assessing the impacts of land use changes on vegetation. Chapter 5 lands and water resource management african. Area of agricultural lands arable land, permanent crops, permanent meadows and pastures. Sudans total land area amounts to some 251 million hectares. This study attempt to detect the land use land cover change in khartoum state between 19702006 using remote sensing technology, geographical information system and multi temporal imagery to. Mapping land use land cover of khartoum using fuzzy classification emirates journal for engineering research, vol. Forest policy, legal and institutional framework information. This study focused on the assessment of and mapping of land use land cover change the white nile state, sudan. Grade iv, customary ownership and land use arrangements, informal tenures in urban. Reconquest of sudan the angloegyptian condominium, 18991955 britains southern policy rise of sudanese nationalism the road to independence the south and the unity of sudan independent sudan the politics of independence the abbud military government, 195864 return to civilian rule, 196469. Returnees to south sudan access land primarily through the customary system. Pdf landuse impact on environment of tuti island, sudan. Implications of climate, landuse and landcover changes for. South sudan s total land area is 619,745 square kilometers, of which more than half is estimated to be suitable for agriculture.
The current land use categories between latitude 10. Sudan food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Land use activates, sustainable livelihoods, sunut natural forest reserve, sudan 1. Aug 30, 2009 the traditional land use in block 5a the western upper nile region of sudan that includes oil concession block 5a is the home land of primarily the nuer1 people and secondarily the dinka people. Th e act provides for registration of land in south sudan. The implication of land grabbing on pastoral economy in sudan. Land use change has been a significant feature of sudan s land use over the past few decades. Fao encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this. Sudan suffers from inadequate supplies of potable water, declining. Livestock fisheries energy use and production domestic water supply environmental policy and legal and regulatory framework flood and drought risk. The land use systems in sudan are rapidly changing partially as a consequence of the socioeconomic. Notwithstanding, use of this label can oversimplify complex subethnic ties and land tenure rights based on tribe, clan, and local geography, all of which can feed into pastoral identity seignobos 2011. Farmerherder conflicts for the use of land represent a significant challenge for rural communities and the local authorities in sudan.
Livestock fisheries energy use and production domestic water supply. It was estimated that, as of 2011, 80 percent of the labor force were employed in that sector, including 84 percent of the women and 64 percent of the men. Land forms mean annual rainfall soils vegetation forest reserves gum gardens land use goats sheep camels cattle land misuse returns from some land use types list of appendices 1. If resource managementparticularly of oil, water, and landin sudan does not signifi cantly improve. The total livestock populations in tendalti locality is 12451 heads of camels, sheep, cows and goats which is equal to 73. Total area of sudan agricultural land in sudan arable. Following this is a presentation of srlg interventions in land use planning and land administration. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan. Altitudes in south sudan range from 600 to 3,000 meters above sea.
Sudan an nilain mosque, at the site of the confluence of the blue nile and white nile in khartoum federal research division library of congress edited by helen chapin metz research completed june 1991. This is followed by a discussion on the complexities of existing frameworks for land administration. Implications of climate, landuse and landcover changes. Their agropastoral lifestyle has traditionally been adapted to the periodic flooding and drying out of the land they live in. Analysis of temperature, rainfall and aridity index ratio of rainfall to reference evapotranspiration data during 19412009 shows significant warming of the climate, increasing rainfall variability and seasonality, and intensifying aridity conditions during the start and end of the wet season. Customary ownership and control of land is an essential component of any consideration of land tenure and access in south sudan and africa in general. Land tenure is a critical issue for both cultivated areas and grazing lands in the sudan. The most conspicuous feature of this change is the remarkable increase in land under cultivation, from around 6 million feddan in 197071 to approximately 45 million feddan in 2014. At the same time, structural problems of the third world were only addressed in an emergency relief context. Despite its relevance for human development and poverty alleviation, there is a lack of basic information on the distribution of cultivated land and the main land processes in the sudan sahel region. The southern sudan land commission was charged under the comprehensive. It was calculated that the increase of fossil fuel use will increase global warming. Assessment and mapping of land useland cover, using remote.
In the triborder region, fulani pastoralist population estimates range from 53,000 89,500 people, with approximately 1. Agricultural change, land, and violence in protracted political crisis. Land use and land cover changes and degradation detection. By the land acquisition for the project, 80 households are to be displaced. The regulation of land tenure, usage and exercise of rights thereon shall be a. Speed and predictability of the enforcement of restricted land uses lgi9. In addition, south sudan has the secondlargest wetlands in africa and the largest intact savanna ecosystem in east africa. Gap of land use map figure 2 indicated that, there is a gap of land use map and the discussion reported. Natural forests and woodlands cover 29% of the total land area. Sudan conflicts, especially in darfur, have resulted in remarkable shift and transformation in land use. Vast lands that were once agricultural have been abandoned as a result of the conflict.
Chapter 3 typology of water use in south sudan livelihoods. Pdf land use land cover changes detection in white nile state. Changes of land use and land cover were observed using classified landsat 5 images in 1972, landsat 7 in 1985 and landsat 8 in 2018. Improving traditional grassland agriculture in sudan bret wallach.
N in sudan represent the semiarid and savanna zones that contain the major agriculture, rangelands and forest lands 22. A mapping framework to characterize land use in the sudan. He was codirector of the rvi sudan course in 2004 and director 20052008. Sudan has a land area of 1,731,671 square kilometres 668,602 sq mi and a total area of 1,861,484 square kilometres 718,723 sq mi. Improving natural resource management in sudan united states. The length of sudan s borders is 6,819 kilometres 4,237 mi. Fao sudan land programme food and agriculture organization of. Approximately 18,900 square kilometres 7,300 sq mi was irrigated as of 2012. Comparing progress made in sudans readiness implementation during the mtr and r. About half of this land is suitable for agriculture, of which about 17 million hectares are actually cultivated. Faculty of agriculture, alzaiem alazhari university, vaporat north, sudan. Sudan belongs to the traditional pastoral production system zaroug, 2007. An overview of the land administration situation in south sudan is presented next.
Assessing the impact of different land use activities on. Lulc general object oriented classification workflow used with the study data. The area under permanent crops was estimated at more than 19 million hectares in 2010, about 23 percent of potential arable land. Keywords remote sensin, land use and land cover change, sudan, gadarif state i.
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